ailments

[dennis]

LEAVES

Yellowing Leaves
This is a normal aging process if only old leaves on backbulbs are involved. If newer leaves yellow and soften, look for:

too much light
low temperature
lack of nitrogen (especially in bark)
loss of roots
Blackened Areas on Leaves
The sudden appearance of brown then black areas on exposed surface of leaves on a bright, hot day, may be sunburn. Check shading; if blackened areas increase in size, it might be bacterial or fungal disease. Cut off diseased area, treat with fungicide such as natriphene, isolate plant, and dry it off.

Shriveled Pseudobulbs
A sign that the plant is losing water content, it can be caused by:

low humidity
underwatering, dry medium
loss of roots
Blackened Tips or Ends of Leaves
This could be caused by:

overfeeding, especially in cymbidiums -- cease fertilizing and flush plant thoroughly with plain water
excessive soluble minerals in water -- have water analyzed
leaf dieback, a fungal infection -- cut off blackened areas and treat with fungicide.
Brown or Black Streaking or Mottling of Leaves
This could be a virus infection. Send a leaf to your nearest agricultural experiment station.

Small Spots on Leaves, Reddish Brown Turning Black
Probably a fungus infection favored by warmth, high humidity and poor light. Reduce humidity or dry off affected plants and treat them with fungicide.


FLOWERS

Deformed Flowers
If deformed flowers are produced each year by a plant, it is probably inherent. Destroy the plant. An occasional deformed flower can be caused by:

high temperature and low humidity when buds were developing
mechanical or chemical injury to bud
nonrecurrent and unexplained anomaly in bud development
virus infection. Isolate plant.
Rapid Wilting of Flower
If dorsal sepal wilts or dries early, or entire flower "goes to sleep" shortly after opening, it could be caused by:

air polluted by ethylene or other gas
too sudden a change in climate
pollination by an unknown pollinator
Spotting of Flowers
Light brown or pinkish dots and spots on flower after opening usually indicate fungus, Botrytis, or sooty mold. Reduce humidity, increase ventilation or air movement, remove spotted and old flowers from greenhouse.

Punctures in Flowers
Denotes presence of:

aphids, soft-bodied sucking insects; or
thrips, small chewing insects
Spray with malathion.
Bruises on Flowers
Either mechanical damage or red spider mites. Chewed or Eroded Flowers, Buds or Roots Shows presence of:

slugs or snails -- use dust or bait; or
cockroaches -- use diazinon or Sevin on ground, on plants and pots.
Color mottling of Flowers
This could be a color-breaking virus. Isolate plant and get an experienced opinion; destroy the plant if virus infection is confirmed.


ROOTS

Loss of Roots
Numerous causes, difficult to diagnose:

overwatering
black rot, an infection of Pythium. Soak in natriphene solution
slugs or snails. Dust with metaldehyde
excessive salt content of water
potting medium old and broken down. Repot after soaking plant in natriphene solution.
Entire Plant
White Cottony Mass or Gray, Brown, Blackish Crust on Underside of Leaves, on Flower Stem, in axils of Leaves, etc.:

Mealybug or one of the many scale insects. Scrub with soft toothbrush dipped in malathion. Spray greenhouse regularly with malathion.

[pikevi]

What is a back bulb?

Is it the 'pseudobulb' without the leaves?

Can malathion be used indoors? Especially with the windows closed and fan going in winter?

Thanks

[dennis]

here is http://www.orchidboard.com/community...ght=back+bulba link to show a picture of a back bulb

not sure what malathion is

[dennis]

click here for info on malathion
http://www.chem-tox.com/malathion/research/

and here
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malathion

[fred]

Dennis well done lith the links on this spray (malathion )
i have always used malathion on my orchids and on the garden the thing I do with the spray when I spray my orchids with malathion I diluite the spray to about half of what is recomended.
I find doing this is the best.

[pikevi]

Thanks dennis.

That is what was picturing in my mind of a back bulb.

Very good links.

You may have already found this out. It is an organophosphate. I think some in the medical community like to keep them away from children and older people though it has an impact on young-adults and adults as well..

I was merely checking if it is widely used indoors.