| Evangeline,
Once you learn the characteristics of the different families of orchids you can usually tell which family an orchid belongs to even if it isn't in flower. It's almost impossible to tell though specifically what species or hybrid a plant is when not in flower. There are exceptions naturally, for example Phal schilleriana has a Phal plant habit but has mottled leaves distinguishing it from other phals.
There's a thread on this forum which shows the pseudobulbs or several different genera. Take a look at it and see of you find it to be the sort fo info you're looking for. Of course there are all sorts of orchids that do not have pseudobulbs so it won't help you with those.
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